Detection of deep buried metal objects with the UltraTEM

Discrimination of Buried Plastic and Metal Objects in Subsurface Soil

The Electrical Conductivity Object Locator (ECOL) has been developed with the goal of detecting buried objects. Its specific capability to detect and characterize small-size plastic and metal objects buried at shallow depths is demonstrated. The technique can also detect larger objects at greater depths. The ECOL technique maps the soil subsurface conductivity and identifies variations in the c...

Polarimetric Detection of Buried Objects by Fm-cw Radar

The subsurface radar suffers from strong clutter from surface and severe wave attenuation in the underground. This paper presents a unique countermeasure to these problems using a polarimetric FM-CW radar equipped with equivalent time sensitivity control (STC) technique. We first apply the polarimetric filtering principle to suppress surface clutter, then, use an equivalent STC technique suited...

Detection of shallowly buried objects using impulse radar

The impulse radar has shown promising results for detecting buried objects, even non-metallic ones. One problem with ground penetrating radars is the strong backscattered signal from the ground surface. If the object is buried deeply below the surface this is no problem since the backscattered signal from the surface will arrive earlier than the target signal and we only have to gate the time s...

Detection of buried objects using reflected GNSS signals

The use of reflected Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals for sensing the Earth has been growing rapidly in recent years. This technique is founded on the basic principle of detecting GNSS signals after they have been reflected off the Earth's surface and using them to determine the properties of the reflecting surface remotely. This is the so-called GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) tec...

Not Always Buried Deep